Civil Defense Operational and Survival Plan of the City of St. Paul, 1962

include highly populated urban areas.
(:) as the enemy capability in numbers of weapons and delivery
means increases, it can be expected that more of the
initial attack might be directed at seats of government,
industrial, transportation and population complexes,
(l+) Surface bursts will be employed where it is desired to
crea*-e radioactive fallout which will increase casualties
and interfere with military and civilian activity for days
or.weeks. Air bursts will be employed when incendiary
and blast effects over larger areas is desired.
(5) ffre nuclear weapons used will cause rirtually complete
destmction to most buildings within a radius of 6.2 miles
to 8.? miles based on a 20 megaton weapon, surface or air
burst respectively. This fact should be used in developing
Civil Defense plans for dispersal and reception of personnel,
relocation or dispersal of Civtl Defense forces, and requirements
for inplace defense.
(6) Badioactive fallout resulting from surface burst of weapons,
whether on or off the lntended target, i,ri11 spread dournwind
over a considerable area. A massive attaek of Jr00O megatons
w'iL1 produce radioactive fallout of lethal intensity over
most of the U.S.A. land mass r,ritiuln 2lr hours of the attack.
Non-Nuelear Threat
Use of both chemical and biologieal agents is a potential
hazard. Nelther of these is consi-dered as serious a threat
to national sunri-val as nuclear weapons. Chemical agents may
be used against specific point targets but are not considered
as usefuL strategic weapons because of problems of delivery
and controlling these weapons effects, Similarly the use of
biological agents in sufficient quantities to be useful as a
strategic weapon is considered unlikely because discovery
would provide long strategic warning. However, it is possible
that these agents might be used in conjunction with or subsequent
to a nuclear attack where specific additional post-attaek
damage effects are desired by the attacker. Psychological warfare
and all-out propaganda efforts will accompany any attack in order to magnifp and distort the real situation, to d1smpt
defense programs, impair essential production and weaken the will to fight.
Warning:
P3-anning civil defense actions and operations is dependent
upon warning time. The complexity of r'rarning tfune and the de- flnition of warning itself make it difficult to develop assumptions.
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